Combine top-level design with local innovations, Xi says
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-12/02/c_133828298.htm
BEIJING, Dec. 2 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Xi Jinping has called for the combination of top-level design and local innovations in comprehensively advancing the countrys reforms.
Xi made the remarks at the seventh meeting of the Leading Group for Overall Reform.
He noted that China owes every breakthrough in its reform and opening-up drive to experiments and wisdom of the people, hence efforts should be made to encourage experiments and explorations at local level and that there must be interactions between central policymakers and localities.
Senior Chinese leaders Li Keqiang, Liu Yunshan and Zhang Gaoli attended Tuesdays meeting, which discussed major reforms concerning the administration of rural land, the establishment of a modern public cultural service system, civil servants at county-level.
It also reviewed and adopted pilot plans to set up circuit courts by the Supreme Peoples Court and trans-regional courts and procuratorates.
The meeting debated on draft proposals on reforms to the rural land administration system, including the acquisition of rural land for public projects, the sale of rural land for commercial uses and the administration of assigned residential lots.
A statement from the meeting said these reform plans were vital to the countrys urbanization and agricultural modernization drive, adding that rural land reforms should be promoted in an orderly fashion on the basis of the pilot programs.
It cited the protection of farmers rights and interests, the collective ownership of rural land, and a "red line" of 1.8 billion mu of arable land -- the official minimum area needed to feed the worlds largest population -- as the "bottom lines" of land reforms.
According to Chinese laws, urban land is owned by the state and most rural land is under collective ownership.
The statement said collective ownership of rural land must be preserved, and the arable land red line "can never be crossed."
Farmers interests should be protected when reforming the rural residential land system, under which each rural family is assigned a lot to build its house.
The statement stressed that authorities must not force farmers to give up their rural houses in exchange for hukou, or citizenship in cities.
The statement said building a modern public cultural service system is important because cultural service is a basic right of the people and a gauge of a nations strength.
The system should be built with government playing a leading role and non-government players contributing their own parts. Services shall be made equal to urban and rural populations and between different regions, the statement said.
Cultural services should be people-oriented and conform to the socialist core values, said the statement. Attendees of the meeting also called for studying the peoples current demand for culture, developing advanced culture, innovating traditional culture, guiding pop culture, transforming backward culture, and boycotting harmful culture.
The meeting stressed that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Party has paid great attention to anti-graft work and Party building, promoting good work style and sparing no efforts to fight corruption. The work should be further carried out in the future, with strengthened institutions while maintaining high pressure on corruption.
Full coverage of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the Partys top anti-graft body, over all departments of the central government will leave no blind spots in the supervision, said the statement.
The principal responsibility of disciplinary agencies and their cadres dispatched to other departments is supervision and implementation of discipline. The agencies should exert their authority to carry out their duties as endowed by the Party constitution.
Cadres dispatched to other departments should stick to principles and maintain their integrity and clean. They will be viewed dereliction if they cannot find the problems that they should find, or breach of duty if they conceal or do not handle the corruption case they have found, the statement said.
The establishment of circuit courts and trans-regional courts and procuratorates will be an important step in the nations judicial reform, as it addresses some deep-seated problems in the judicial system, according to the statement.
The Supreme Peoples Court will set up circuit courts for major administrative, civil and commercial cases involving different administrative regions, which can facilitate public filing of lawsuits from local communities and help solve conflicts at the local level, it said.
Courts and procuratorates with jurisdictions over different administrative regions will help to eliminate interference from local officials and ensure judicial independence.
The meeting urged authorities to draft plans for advancing reforms in 2015, particularly reforms in critical areas.
The leading group for reform must draw a clear roadmap and timetable for the implementation of major reforms outlined at the fourth plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and reforms must lead to tangible results, according to the meeting.
新华网北京12月2日电 中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央全面深化改革领导小组组长习近平12月2日上午主持召开中央全面深化改革领导小组第七次会议并发表重要讲话。他强调，改革开放在认识和实践上的每一次突破和发展，无不来自人民群众的实践和智慧。要鼓励地方、基层、群众解放思想、积极探索，鼓励不同区域进行差别化试点，善于从群众关注的焦点、百姓生活的难点中寻找改革切入点，推动顶层设计和基层探索良性互动、有机结合。
中共中央政治局常委、中央全面深化改革领导小组副组长李克强、刘云山、张高丽出席会议。
会议审议了《关于农村土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市、宅基地制度改革试点工作的意见》、《关于加快构建现代公共文化服务体系的意见》、《关于县以下机关建立公务员职务与职级并行制度的意见》、《关于加强中央纪委派驻机构建设的意见》，审议通过了《最高人民法院设立巡回法庭试点方案》和《设立跨行政区划人民法院、人民检察院试点方案》，建议根据会议讨论情况进一步修改完善后按程序报批实施。
会议指出，土地制度是国家的基础性制度。党的十八届三中全会明确了农村土地制度改革的方向和任务，这3项改革涉及农村集体经济组织制度、村民自治制度等一系列重要制度，关乎城镇化、农业现代化进程。要始终把维护好、实现好、发展好农民权益作为出发点和落脚点，坚持土地公有制性质不改变、耕地红线不突破、农民利益不受损三条底线，在试点基础上有序推进。土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市、宅基地制度改革关系密切，可以作统一部署和要求，但试点工作中要分类实施。严守18亿亩耕地红线是推进农村土地制度改革的底线、是试点的大前提，决不能逾越。对宅基地制度改革的试点条件和范围要严格把关，不能侵犯农民利益，同时不得以退出宅基地使用权作为进城落户的条件，这是关系社会安定的重要举措。中央有关部门和地方要加强指导监督，严格把握试点条件。
会议强调，构建现代公共文化服务体系是保障人民群众基本文化权益、建设社会主义文化强国的重要制度设计。要把现代公共文化服务体系建设作为一项民心工程，坚持政府主导、社会参与、共建共享，统筹城乡和区域文化均等化发展，加快形成覆盖城乡、便捷高效、保基本、促公平的现代公共文化服务体系。要牢固树立以人民为中心的工作导向，坚持以社会主义核心价值观为引领，深入研究新时期人民群众文化需求特点，发展先进文化，创新传统文化，扶持通俗文化，引导流行文化，改造落后文化，抵制有害文化，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供强大的精神动力和文化支撑。要注重体制机制创新，关键是要整合用好各类公共文体设施和服务资源，做到物尽其用、人尽其才。要把工作重心放在基层，着力加强贫困地区公共文化服务体系建设，保障困难群众等基本文化权益。
会议指出，在职务之外开辟职级晋升通道，有利于调动广大基层公务员的积极性，是为基层公务员办好事、办实事，一定要把好事办好。在全国县以下机关实施这项改革，要总结试点工作经验，坚持好的做法，改进存在的不足，认真抓好组织实施。
会议强调，党的十八大以来，党中央高度重视党风廉政建设和反腐败工作，深入推进作风建设，坚定不移惩治腐败。党风廉政和反腐败工作要继续抓下去，除了继续保持高压严打态势外，还要加强制度建设。实现全面派驻就是要使党内监督不留死角、没有空白。派驻监督是中央纪委纪检职能的重要组成部分，派驻机构的主业是党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争，首要职责是监督执纪问责。派驻机构要发挥“派”的权威和“驻”的优势，履行党章赋予的职责。派驻干部要牢记使命、坚持原则，做到忠诚、干净、担当。对党风廉政问题该发现没有发现就是失职，发现问题匿情不报、不处理就是渎职。
会议指出，最高人民法院设立巡回法庭，设立跨行政区划人民法院、人民检察院，是党的十八届四中全会提出的重要改革举措。最高人民法院设立巡回法庭，审理跨行政区域重大行政和民商事案件，有利于审判机关重心下移、就地解决纠纷、方便当事人诉讼。探索设立跨行政区划的人民法院、人民检察院，有利于排除对审判工作和检察工作的干扰、保障法院和检察院依法独立公正行使审判权和检察权，有利于构建普通案件在行政区划法院审理、特殊案件在跨行政区划法院审理的诉讼格局。这两项改革试点涉及司法管理体制、司法权力运行机制等深层次问题。试点方案先在基础扎实、需求迫切的地方开展试点。这是新生事物，新开门面要站在高起点上，有整体性考虑和系统性设计，创造可复制、可推广的机制制度。
会议强调，进行改革试点，对全面深化改革具有重要意义。我国地区发展不平衡，改革试点的实施条件差异较大，要鼓励不同区域进行差别化探索。要坚持眼睛向下，脚步向下，尊重基层群众实践，解决群众生产生活中面临的突出问题，务必使改革的思路、决策、措施都能更好满足群众诉求，做到改革为了群众、改革依靠群众、改革让群众受益。
会议指出，要抓紧制定明年工作要点，特别是要提出一些起标志性、关联性作用的改革举措，把提高改革方案质量放到重要位置，进一步明确抓落实的责任。党的十八届四中全会提出的重大改革举措，由中央全面深化改革领导小组统筹协调、督促落实，要有明确的路线图、时间表和可检验的成果形式。
中央全面深化改革领导小组成员出席，中央和国家有关部门负责同志列席会议。
链接
Chinese president proposes Asia-Pacific dream [2014年11月9日]
Party points way for rule of law [2014年10月25日]
Xi urges respect for other cultures [2014年9月25日]
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